Awards
Registration Hotel Conference System
HOST
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
ORGANIZERS
State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications (BUPT)
Huawei
长飞
CO-ORGANIZER
凌云
TECHNICAL SPONSORS
CIC
IEEE
Optica
SPIE
COS
CIE

Best Student Paper Award 


ACPIPOC-0720-2

Frequency-flow convolution empowered by high-speed thin-film lithium niobate modulators

Haojun Zhou,  Bo Wu,  Shiji Zhang,  Mengyue Xu,  Xinlun Cai,  Jianji Dong

Huazhong University of Science and Technology,  China

We demonstrate an optical frequency-flow convolution (OFFC) core utilizing high-speed thin-film lithium niobate (LN) modulators. Our implementation achieves convolution at an 8 GHz frequency spacing with a power consumption of just 52.9 mW.

 

ACPIPOC-0731-113 

A Real-time Sleep Monitoring System Based on Fiber Optic Sensor

Tianyu Chen,  Weimin Lyu,  Shuyang Chen,  Changyuan Yu

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,  Hong Kong,  China

This study introduces a real-time sleep monitoring system using optical fiber sensors and threshold-based turnover detection, enabling non-invasive extraction of heart and respiratory rates with high accuracy for clinical and home environments.

 

ACPIPOC-0731-135

Analyzing and Mitigating the Impact of Network Cutover in C+L-Band Optical Networks

Yuqi Yuan,  Danshi Wang,  Yao Zhang,  Yuchen Song,  Jin Li,  Min Zhang

Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,  China

This study analyzed the impact of cutover operations on established lightpaths, and proposed a routing and wavelength assignment algorithm to ensure the GSNR fluctuation caused by cutover was under 2.1% in C+L-band mesh optical network. 

 

ACPIPOC-0731-128

Ultrabroadband Integrated Triply Resonant Electro-Optic Frequency Comb in Lithium Tantalate

Junyin Zhang1,  Chengli Wang1,  Connor Denney2  Johann Riemensberger1,  Grigory Lihachev1,  Jianqi Hu1,  Wil Kao1,  Terence Blésin1,  Nikolai Kuznetsov1,  Zihan Li1,  Mikhail Churaev1,  Xin Ou3,  Gabriel Santamaria-Botello2,  Tobias J Kippenberg1

1.École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,  Switzerland;2.Colorado School of Mines,  United States;3.State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Chinese Academy of Sciences,  China

We demonstrated an integrated electro-optic frequency comb generator with 450nm span and 29.6GHz spacing, entirely covering optical telecom E-, S-, C-, L-, and U-bands, via monolithic co-integration of microwave and photonics resonators on thin-film lithium tantalate.

 

ACPIPOC-0801-126

Scalable and Energy-Efficient Photonic Neural Networks Through Convolution Compression

Yixuan Li,  Benshan Wang,  Tengji Xu,  Shaojie Liu,  Qiarong Xiao,  Chaoran Huang

The Chinese University of Hong Kong,  Hong Kong, China

We experimentally demonstrate a convolution compression method for scalable and energy-efficient photonic neural networks. Our method achieves a 52-fold and 71.5-fold reduction in component counts and power consumption compared to conventional approaches, maintaining high accuracy.

 

ACPIPOC-0818-9 

Simultaneous Communication and Low-Frequency Vibration Sensing Over Deployed Seven-Core Fiber

Yingyu Chen1,  Dawei Wang1,  Xiaokai Cai1,  Chao Lu2,  Zhaohui Li1

1.Sun Yet-sen university,  China;2.Hong Kong Polytechnic University,  Hong Kong, China

We successfully recovered the low-frequency vibration signals from 1 to 500 Hz based on fiber interferometry constructed by seven-core fiber while during communication. Wereport field trial results over installed fiber cable to detect real-world vibrations.




Best Paper Award 


ACPIPOC-0705-1 

Real Time 41 x 1 Tb/s C-Band Unrepeatered Transmission over 300 km using PCS-64QAM

Alexis Busson, Hans Bissessur, Farana Hedaraly, Philippe Plantady

Alcatel Submarine Networks, France

We present a 120 GBd high baud rate record C-band unrepeatered experiment with 41 channels at 1 Tb/s net rate carrying PCS-64-QAM with a real-time transponder over 300.2 km of PSCF, applying co-Raman and ROPA.  

 

ACPIPOC-0722-10

Record Real-time 128.7Tbit/s DWDM Transmission over 75km G.654.D Fiber Using S+C+L 17THz Bandwidth Lumped Doped Fiber Amplifiers

Anxu Zhang1, Yuyang Liu1, Baoluo Yan2, Yan Zhao2, Lipeng Feng1, Yu Zheng2, Hu Shi2, Chuanze Zhang3, Zhixu Jia3, Guanshi Qin3, Jun Wu4, Xin Qin1, Xiaoli Huo1, Junjie Li1, Chengliang Zhang1

1.China Telecom Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, China;2.ZTE Corp, State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology,  China;3.College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University,  China;4.YOFC, State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology,  China

We experimentally demonstrate a record real-time 128.7Tbit/s transmission over 75km ultra-low loss and large effective area G.654.D fiber together withS+C+L-band17THz bandwidth using only lumped doped fiber amplifiers. 

 

ACPIPOC-0728-4

CMA-based Multi-Thread Adaptive Frequency Domain Equalization for Fully Virtualized Coherent Access Networks

Akio Yamasaki1, Daisuke Hisano1, Takahiro Suzuki2, Sang-Yuep Kim2, Jun-ichi Kani2, Tomoaki Yoshida2

1.Osaka University, Japan;2.NTT Corporation,  Japan

We propose a multi-thread adaptive frequency-domain equalizer. The proposed scheme reduces the calculation cost by 87.5% with 128 taps and 1024 GPU threads while operating with the same performance as the multi-thread time domain equalizer.

 

ACPIPOC-0815-96

Time-to-Failure Risk-based Handover Algorithm for Optical Satellite Networks

Yi An, Wei Wang, Kexin Gao, Yanran Xiao, Yongli Zhao, Jie Zhang

Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China

This paper addresses the issue of frequent link handovers by proposing a Risk-based Handover Algorithm in optical networks. Results show that the proposed can reduce the handover rate by 27.8% compared with Breadth First Search(BFS).  

 

ACPIPOC-0816-5

Minimizing Power Consumption in IPoWDM Networks with ZR/ZR+ using Network Reconfiguration

Nisanur Camuzcu1, Qiaolun Zhang1, Mëmëdhe Ibrahimi1, Ruikun Wang2, Lu Zhang2, Massimo Tornatore1

1.Politecnico di Milano, Italy;2.Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China

We evaluate power consumption savings in IPoWDM networks with ZR/ZR+ using network reconfiguration with daily varying traffic profile. Although network reconfiguration with ZR+ is less effective than with long-haul muxponder, ZR+ is still more power-efficient. 

 

ACPIPOC-0731-214

Full C-band tunable integrated Erbium lasers via wafer-scale fabrication

Xinru Ji1, Yang Liu1, Xuan Yang1, Zheru Qiu1, Anat Siddharth1, Rui Ning Wang1, Taegon Kim2, Joseph Olson2, Tobias Kippenberg1

1.Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland;2.Applied Materials,  United States

We demonstrate an integrated Erbium-based tun- able laser using wafer-scale fabrication and ion implantation of Si3N4photonic integrated circuits, and achieve single-frequency lasing tunable from 1530 nm to 1575 nm covering the entire optical C-band.




Best Paper Award in Industry Innovation

 

ACPIPOC-0814-27

High Gain, Low Noise E+S Band Bi-doped Phosphosilicate Fiber with 90-nm Broad Bandwidth

Xin Huang, Zhaolong Liao, Junjie Jie, Yuanpeng Ding, Chan Li, Haohua Wan, Lei Shen, Lei Zhang, Jie Luo

Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable Joint Stock Limited Company, China

An E+S band Bi-doped phosphosilicate fiber was prepared with high gain, low noise and wide broadband, demonstrating gain ≥ 20 dB and noise ≤ 6 dB in the range of 1390-1480 nm, and the S band(1460-1520nm) gain remains stable at ≥ 10 dB after shifting the center wavelength.

  

ACPIPOC-0731-167

First Real-Time 224Tb/s Single-span 106-km Field Trial using Commercial 130-Gbaud DP-QPSK 400Gb/s backbone OTN Transceivers over Deployed 7-Core Multi-Core Fiber Cable

Jian Cui1, Yu Deng1, Zhuo Liu1, Yuxiao Wang2, Jiabin Wang3, Li Zhang4, Bin Hao1, Chao Wu1, Leimin Zhang1, Yong Chen2, Bin Wu2, Baoluo Yan3, Xuechuan Chen3, Hu Shi3, Lei Shen4, Lei Zhang4, Jie Luo4, Yan Sun1, Qi Wan1, Bing Yan2, Cheng Chang1, Ninglun Gu1

1.Department of Networks, China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd., China; 2.Network Management Center, China Mobile Communications Group Shandong Co., Ltd., China; 3.WDM System Department of Wireline Product R&D Institute, ZTE Corp., State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology., China; 4.State Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre and Cable Manufacture Technology, YOFC., China

We demonstrate the first real-time single-span 106-km field trial over deployed 7-core fiber cable using commercial DP-QPSK 400Gb/s backbone OTN transceivers, which achieve a bit rate of 224Tb/s with a more than 3.5-dB OSNR margin.


ACPIPOC-0730-68

Universal Virtual Lab for Fast and Accurate Performance Assessments in Nonlinear DWDM Systems with Digital Subcarrier Multiplexing

David Dahan1, 2, Itzhak Moshe1, Michael Zarubinsky1, Xianhe Yangzhang1, Ori Golani1

1.Toga Networks - a Huawei company, Israel; 2.Holon Institute of Technology, Israel

The Universal Virtual Lab method is extendedfor performance assessments of nonlinear DWDM links using 800 Gb/s DSCM channels with accuracyerrors below 0.08dBQ and aspeed-up factor of 5150 for a 6.2THz DWDM system.


ACPIPOC-0812-1 

A Use Case Study of Implementing 50G-PON for Fiber-to-the-Room-Business (FTTR-B)

Yuanqiu Luo1, Dezhi Zhang2, Frank Effenberger1, Tao Zeng2, Yuying Gan2, Ming Jiang2

1.Futurewei Technologies, United States;2.China Telecom, China

We investigate a use case and its test results from China Telecom’s network. It demonstrates how 50G-PON and FTTR are improving connectivity and operational efficiency in the scenarios of enterprise and campus networks.


ACPIPOC-0731-68 

Enhancing SOA Linear Performance in Coherent Systems with Tunable Gain Clamping

Iosif Demirtzioglou, Nayla El Dahdah, Loig Godard, Abel Lorences-Riesgo, Antonin Gallet, Sheherazade Azouigui, Shuqi Yu, Romain Brenot, Gabriel Charlet

Huawei Technologies France SASU, France

We demonstrate a gain-clamped SOA based on an external cavity laser that offers gain tunability and an increase in the 3-dB-gain-saturation output power with limited noise figure degradation, suitable for linear operation in coherent systems.




Best Poster Award


ACPIPOC-0814-13

Minimum-Use Shared Backup Segment Protection (SBSP) in WDM Optical Networks

Junyue He1 , Xuanchen Dai1 , Gangxiang Shen1 , Luo Han2 , Kerong Yan2 , Ruishan Chen2 , Zeshan Chang2 

1.Soochow University, China; 2.Huawei Technology, China

We propose a shared backup segment protection scheme for WDM optical networks with non-tunable transponders. Simulations show improved spare capacity redundancy, wavelength usage, and restoration times compared to other protection schemes.

 

ACPIPOC-0801-94

The Impact of Temporal Resolution on Routing Accuracy in Digital Twins of Multi-Domain Optical Networks

Chengyu Wu1, 2, Nan Hua1, 2, Kangqi Zhu1, 2, Xiaoping Zheng1, 2 

1.Tsinghua University, China; 2.Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, China

We studied the impact of the temporal resolution of digital twins on AI routing paradigms. Numerical results demonstrate that AI routing with low data temporal resolution has a relatively higher tolerance in light load condition.

 

ACPIPOC-0813-8

MLP-Mixer for Optical Fiber Channel Modeling in WDM Transmission System based on Feature Decoupling Distributed Method

Yu Fu, Tianwai Bo, Mengsheng Zhai, Yihao Zhou, Wen Zhuang, Zhongwei Tan, Yi Dong

Beijing Institute of Technology, China

We propose to integrate MLP-Mixer with feature decoupling distributed technique for modeling the signal propagation in optical fiber channel. It exhibits high accuracy and low complexity, especially in the long-haul wavelength division multiplexing transmission

scenarios.

 

ACPIPOC-1015-2

Symmetry Breaking Charge Transfer Mechanism in Sulfone-Functionalized Diradical Near-Infrared Emitters

Zixi Liu, Zhuoran Kuang, Andong Xia

Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China

Diradicaloids, characterized by two weakly coupled interacting single electrons, exhibit unique physicochemical properties and hold significant potential for applications in bipolar field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic spintronics, and near-infrared (NIR) dyes.Previously reported sulfone-functionalized diradicaloids demonstrate a large Stokes shift and achieve the longest emission wavelengths among known organic fluorescence radicals. However, many diradical emitters suffer from low photoluminescence quantum yields. Thus, understanding the excited-state relaxation mechanisms of sulfone-functionalized diradicaloids is crucial for designing NIR open-shell molecular materials. In this study, we characterized sulfone-functionalized ChiChibabin's hydrocarbon derivatives, SD-1 and SD-2 with different substituents (H/CF3) on the molecular skeleton. Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that SD-1 and SD-2 contain high diradical character and small ΔES−T, indicating that both are open-shell singlet diradical molecule. The steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy reveals that two diradicaloids exhibit emission properties sensitive to solvent polarity.This observation suggests the presence of significant intramolecular charge transfer characteristics, which may arise from symmetry breaking within their electronic structures. Femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy reveals the formation of symmetry-breaking charge transfer (SBCT) state  in polar solution, and the corresponding kinetics are correlated to the solvent reorientation dynamics and dihedral torsional motion. Quantitative calculations indicate that the charge transfer feature in these diradicaloids may come from the overlap with the single electron SOMO orbitals and is significantly regulated by substituents (H/CF3) on the molecular skeleton. The quenching of SBCT emission in the NIR region primarily results from the fast charge recombination, which is anticipated to enhance its potential as an efficient NIR emitter by suppressing charge recombination processes. Overall, this study demonstrates that the sulfone-functionalized diradical compounds SD-1 and SD-2 possess unique SBCT properties, making them promising candidates for efficient near-infrared emitters. Their ability to inhibit charge recombination addresses the challenge of low photoluminescent quantum yields, paving the way for advancements in organic optoelectronic applications.

 

ACPIPOC-0731-217

Design and characterization of the heterogeneous integrated optical fiber with triple side nickel cores

Luo Chen, Yunzhe Gu, Junjie Zhu, Xian Wang, Mengshi Zhu, Liang Zhang, Heming Wei, Fufei Pang

Shanghai University, China

A heterogeneous integrated optical fiber with triple side nickel cores (TSNCF) was designed, fabricated, and characterized.The results demonstrate that the TSNCF has promising potential for applications in distributed magnetic field sensing.

 

ACPIPOC-0801-103

Research on 800Gbit/s transmission fiber

Hongyan Zhou1 , Jun Wu2 , Zhibin Ma2 , Yifeng Zhu3 , Lin Tian3 , Hongyang Zhao2 , Lixin Gu1 , Liwei Huang1 , Xinwei Qian1

1.State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable Joint Stock Limited Company (YOFC), China; 2.Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, China; 3.China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. EHV Transmission Company, China

This paper introduces the performance of G.654.E single-mode optical fiber based on the requirements of 800 Gbit/s single-carrier optical fiber transmission system. The performance of G.654.E single-mode optical fiber is introduced through the long-haul/ultra-long haul backbone network transmission experiment and medium-long distance transmission experiment in single-carrier 800G laboratory, and the single-carrier 800G practical network transmission experiment. It is verified that G.654.E is the best fiber choice in the single carrier 800G high speed era.

 

ACPIPOC-0724-6

PON Monitoring Method based on Novel Optical Visual Splitter

Songlin Zhu1 , Yidai Zhu2 , Xinyu Fan3 , Zuyuan He3

1.Wireline Product Planning Department, ZTE Corporation, China; 2.Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; 3.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

We propose a novel visual optical splitter used in passive optical network (PON) architecture to realize PON monitoring with the help of a multi-wavelength optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR), which reduce 10 dB attenuations for sensing lightwave and obtained individual reflective curve for each branch.

 

ACPIPOC-0729-36

Phase-Coded FMCW for Optical Integrated Sensing and Communication

Tianzhu Zhang, Zhongji Yan, Anning Pang, Anhong Dang

Peking University, China

We propose an opticalintegrated sensing and communication scheme using phase-coded frequency-modulated continuous waves (PC-FMCW) and verify that the scheme enables mutual interference-free sensing and communication

capabilities.

 

ACPIPOC-0730-49

Enhanced Dual-Task Reservoir Computing in Semiconductor Ring Laser with FBG Feedback

Liwen Peng, SongSui Li, Liyue Zhang, Xihua Zou, Wei Pan, Lianshan Yan

Southwest Jiaotong University, China

A TDRC based on an SRL with FBG feedback is demonstrated to expand the effective parameter range by more than two times and to suppress the accuracy degradation by about 50% in dual-task simultaneous processing

 

ACPIPOC-0816-6

Probe Signal Generation Using Laser Frequency Offset Locking For Stable Microwave Transfer

Zelin Liu, Wei Wei, Zhuoran Li, Xiyi Weng, Weilin Xie, Yi Dong

Beijing Institute of Technology, China

Laser offset-frequency locking is used to generate a probe for delay variation detection in optical links. The probe frequency jitter is less than 2Hz, and the link delay jitter is 15.5fs.

 

ACPIPOC-0729-35

Broadband and Efficient Inter-modal Wavelength Conversion in Microresonators

Hanghang Li1 , Xiaolong Fan1 , Nuo Chen1 , Zhuang Fan1 , Xinliang Zhang2 , Jing Xu1

1.Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; 2.Wuhan Nation Laboratory for Optoelectronics, China

We propose and theoretically investigate a wavelength converter utilizing resonantly enhanced intermodal Bragg scattering four-wave mixing (BS-FWM).

 

ACPIPOC-0731-147

Reconfigurable Mode Demultiplexing-Routing Integrated Diffractive Photonic Chip with In-Situ Training

Jianwei Cui1, 2, Bo Wu1, 2, Shiji Zhang1, 2, Jialong Zhang1, 2, Hailong Zhou1, 2, Jianji Dong1, 2 

1.Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; 2.Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, China

We demonstrate a diffractive optics-based photonic chip capable of demultiplexing and routing four TE modes. The chip, with tunable pixels for real-time training, suggests significant potential for advanced photonic systems when combined with AI algorithms.

 

ACPIPOC-0801-151

Hybrid Integrated Arbitrary-Polarized Pulsed Laser with Ultra-High Intensity- and Polarization-Extinction-Ratio

Renyou Ge1 , Bigeng Chen1 , Yuan Shen2 , Yannong Luo3 , Shaoliang Yu1 

1.Zhejiang Lab, China; 2.Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics, China; 3.Guangxi Medical University, China

This paper presents a hybrid integrated arbitrary-polarized pulsed laser with ultra-high intensity- and polarization-extinction-ratio. Linewidth of the laser is 610Hz, extinction ratio of pulse modulation and polarization manipulation is 54dB and 42dB, respectively.

 

ACPIPOC-0801-59

High-Performance Balanced Photodiode on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Platform

Chao Wei, Chenghao Wang, Jihui Sun, Lin Jiang, Jia Ye, Xihua Zou, Wei Pan, Xiaojun Xie, Lianshan Yan

Southwest jiaotong university, China

A high-performance balanced photodiode heterogeneously integrated on thin-film lithium niobate is proposed, featuring a 3-dB

bandwidth of 55 GHz and enabling high-quality reception of 100 Gbaud 16 QAM signals.

 

ACPIPOC-0801-4

Direct Electric-field Measurements of High-order Harmonic Mode-locked Quantum-dot Lasers

Xiangru Cui1 , Jingzhi Huang1 , Bo Yang1 , Jiajian Chen2 , Jiale Qin1 , Zihao Wang1 , Ting Wang1 , Jianjun Zhang1

1.Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; 2.Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, China

We carried out frequency-resolved optical gating measurements of Si-based InAs/GaAs quantum dot 4th-order colliding pulse mode-locked lasers. The impact of electrical driven condition on laser cavity dispersion and modulation modes were figured out.

 

ACPIPOC-0731-155

Improve the Fitting Accuracy of Deep Learning for the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation Using Linear Feature Decoupling Method

Yunfan Zhang, Zekun Niu, Minghui Shi, Weisheng Hu, Lilin Yi

Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

We utilize the Feature Decoupling Distributed (FDD) method to enhance the capability of deep learning to fit the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation (NLSE), significantly reducing the NLSE loss compared to non decoupling model.

 

ACPIPOC-0801-72

Performance-Enhanced FBMC/OFDM-VLC Systems Enabled by Analog Pre-equalization and WHT Precoding

Ming Chen1 , Ruizi Li1 , Jing Yang1 , Yuxin Cai1 , Qinghui Chen2 

1.Hunan Normal University, China; 2.Hunan University of Technology, China

Analog Pre-equalization in combination with the low-complexity Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT) precoding technique can enhance modulation bandwidth and bit error rate (BER) performance of visible light communication (VLC) systems. In this work, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated blue Light-emitting diode-based 525-MHz filter bank multicarrier/orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (FBMC/OFDM)-VLC systems enabled by a single-stage bridge-T pre-equalizer and low-complexity WHT precoding technique. The results exhibit that the BER performance of precoded FBMC/OFDM signals with net rates 2.08/2.02 Gbit/s can be improved by up to about two orders of magnitude over a 2.3-m free–space link.

 

ACPIPOC-0801-78

Adaptive Trigonometric-based Nonlinear Equalizer for SiPM-Based PAM-8 VLC System

Yinan Niu, Chengju Hu, Yun Liu, Jian Zhao

South China University of Technology, China

We propose an adaptive trigonometric-based nonlinear equalizer to compensate the nonlinearity of SiPM-VLC system. Experiments of 100-300 MBaud PAM-8 signalshow that the proposed method outperforms conventional FFE, DP-VNLE and MPE while exhibiting

low complexity.

 

ACPIPOC-0811-2

Dispersion-Diverse Receiver for Power Fading Mitigation in IM-DD Systems at C Band

Jianyao Zhang

Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

We experimentally demonstrate a dispersion-diverse receiver to mitigate the CD-induced power fading for IM-DD systems at C-band. The receiver can support 256.5 Gb/s line-rate PS-64-QAM signal transmission over 10-km SSMF.

 

ACPIPOC-0815-12

On the Performance of Advanced Modulation Formats for Extended Single-Span Links 

Jiwei Xu, Bin Chen, Can Zhao, Yajie Sheng, Yi Lei

Hefei University of Technology, China

Six modulation formats referring the 400ZR standard are compared, revealing that PCS-16QAM and 4D-64PRS may offer optimal performance at different transmission distances, enhancing high-capacity optical fiber communication efficiency.